ebiochem: 九月 2012

2012年9月28日星期五

Significant Nutrient Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) powder

Conjugated linoleic acid is present in food from animal sources. It is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, which is found preferentially in dairy products and meat. It has been the subject of numerous studies which suggest it is an extremely effective supplement for reducing body fat.

Its anticancer efficacy is expressed at concentrations close to human consumption levels. Preliminary studies indicate that CLA is a powerful anti-carcinogen in the rat mammary tumor model with an effective range of 0.1-1% in the diet. This protective effect of CLA is noted even when exposure is limited to the time of weaning to carcinogen administration. The timing of this treatment corresponds to maturation of the mammary gland to the adult stage, suggesting that CLA may have a direct effect in reducing the cancer risk of the target organ. Of the vast number of naturally occurring substances that have been demonstrated to have anticarcinogenic activity in experimental models.

Furthermore, it is suggested that CLA can help your body prioritise fat burning when it is in need of energy, which can lead to a reduction in your stored levels of body fat, whilst sparing carbohydrate and protein stores. It is suggested that CLA be a supplement in daily diet.

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Tranilast allergic rhinitis

Tranilast (INN, brand name Rizaben) is an antiallergic drug. It has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

In fact, tranilast is an orally effective anti-allergic agent evaluated for clinical activity in prevention of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. It was investigated in a randomized, pre-seasonal, and in-seasonal treatment of tranilast to test the clinical efficacy and pathophysiological changes on the onset of nasal symptoms in season. Thirty-eight patients with a history of Sugi pollinosis and positive allergic tests were treated with tranilast 300 mg daily 6 to 7 weeks before the onset of the pollen season and continuously during the season or no medication including tranilast until the onset of clinical symptoms in season. The number of sneezing and the grade of stuffiness at the onset of pollen season were inhibited significantly in pre-seasonal treatment. The number of mast cells and eosinophils in season increased compared with off-season and the threshold of nasal hypersensitivity in season decreased compared with off-season in inseasonal treatment, but not in pre-seasonal treatment. This study indicates that tranilast may have the prophylactic effect for Sugi pollinosis.

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2012年9月27日星期四

What Can I Expect After a Tuberculosis Diagnosis?

After tuberculosis diagnosis, a person will most likely need treatment. If he has been diagnosed but does not have symptoms, his treatment may be preventative in nature. If, on the other hand, his case is active, he will typically be treated with drugs that kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. In some cases, a person may also be hospitalized to keep him from spreading the bacteria to others.

Following an active tuberculosis diagnosis, most doctors will recommend treatment. Tuberculosis is often treated with a regimen of drugs capable of killing the bacteria. For example, active cases are often treated with the following drugs: pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampin. Sometimes, however, other drugs are recommended for cases in which the patient is resistant to one or more of the drugs typically used for treating tuberculosis.

If a person has been infected with tuberculosis but does not have an active case of the disease, a doctor may suggest preventative treatment. This type of treatment works to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and prevent the active form of the disease from developing. For example, a doctor may recommend nine months of treatment with a drug called isoniazid to prevent an active tuberculosis infection.

Exposure to tuberculosis doesn’t necessarily mean a person will have an active case of tuberculosis. Often, the body isolates the infected cells and keeps the bacteria that cause it at bay. In some cases, the body may keep these cells isolated for years at a time. In fact, the body can sometimes fight the bacteria off and heal on its own. Those with weakened immune systems because of human immunodeficiency virus or other diseases may be more likely to develop an active case of tuberculosis. Even malnutrition and normal aging can put a person at increased risk.

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease. It can be transmitted from person to person, even without any physical contact. The bacteria that cause the disease are sent into the air in tiny droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People may then inhale these droplets and become infected.

Since tuberculosis is contagious, some people may need to be hospitalized and isolated after tuberculosis diagnosis. Such hospitalization allows the patient to be treated and monitored while also protecting the general public from exposure. After about two weeks of treatment, a person usually isn’t contagious anymore and can be released from the hospital. In some places, a person can be forced into a hospital or other type of care environment if he refuses treatment after tuberculosis diagnosis.

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How Do I Choose the Best Vanilla?

Choosing the best vanilla can depend on factors such as your budget, the items you are cooking or baking, and your personal tastes. This popular flavoring is available in both natural and imitation extracts, and the real thing is typically much more expensive. The natural variety typically has a more complex flavor profile as well, since the only flavor compound present in imitation versions is artificial vanillin. Natural vanilla is typically the best choice if you want the best tasting flavor profile, though imitation varieties are often sufficient for simple baked goods, and can even be preferred for icing. You may also want to grind up your own whole beans for use in ice cream and custards, since that can result in a rich flavor, and the black flecks may add character to the dish.

There are many different species of orchids within the vanilla genus, though all three of the cultivars that are used for cooking and baking originated from one species. The most common cultivar is known as Bourbon or Madagascar. A cultivar known as Mexican is somewhat similar to the Bourbon variety, and the Tahitian cultivar typically has stouter bean pods and a significantly different taste. The vanillin flavor compound is also be produced artificially from clove oil and guaiacol, which is a chemical that can be derived from guaiacum flowers, wood creosote, and other substances.

The best vanilla can be different for each situation, and there are cases where extracts, powders, and even whole beans will be the right choice. If you want the best flavor for your cooking or baking, then you will typically want to select a pure vanilla extract that was made from Madagascar or Bourbon bean pods. Products made from Tahitian beans can also be good if you want something with a slightly different flavor profile. If those options are too costly, then extracts made from Mexican beans are often less expensive, and have a complex, spicy flavors. All of these natural extracts are available in both alcohol and sugar syrup solutions, but the choice between the two is largely one of personal taste.

Imitation vanilla extract is typically only a good choice if you cannot afford the real thing, though it does have certain specialty uses. Since these products only contain vanillin, rather than the hundreds of compounds present in the real thing, the flavor profile is very limited. Some people prefer imitation products due to the fact that they tend to be clear, while the genuine extract is usually brown. Clear imitation extracts can be used to make frosting, and other products that are bright white, while the real thing will tend to impart a somewhat brown or yellow color.

Vanilla bean pods are also a great choice for many different applications, though they tend to be quite expensive as well. For the best results, you should look for pods that are plump and fresh. These bean pods can be ground up and used in desserts, such as ice creams and custards, where they will provide a complex flavor profile in addition to a visual flair that extracts cannot offer. Bean pods can also be used to create homemade extracts and infusions.

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Cinnamic acid

Cinnamic acid<Chemical formula: C9H8O2>, also known as beta cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-acrylic. It is the organic acid that is separated from cinnamon or benzoin or Cinnamic acid produced by plant cinnamic acid deamination degradation. Cinnamic acid is also part of the biosynthetic shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways. Cinnamic acid is freely soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, acetone, and it is insoluble in hexane. It is used to manufacture perfumery compounds and is mainly used in flavors and food additives, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic, agricultural chemicals, organic synthesis, etc.

Chemically, in cinnamic acids the 3-phenyl acrylic acid functionality offers three main reactive sites; substitution at the phenyl ring, addition at the α,β- unsaturation and the reactions of the carboxylic acid functionality. Owing to these chemical aspects cinnamic acid derivatives received much attention in medicinal research as traditional as well as recent synthetic antitumor agents. We observed that in spite of their rich medicinal tradition, cinnamic acid derivatives and their anticancer potentials remained underutilized for several decades since the first published clinical use in 1905. In last two decades, there has been huge attention towards various cinnamoyl derivatives and their antitumor efficacy.

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Silk Peptide Powder

Silk peptide powder (also known as silk protein powder) is chose natural mulberry silk as raw material, using the high-tech, its water-soluble is 100%. It Containing many necessary amino acids which is easy for the body to absorb it. Therefore sericin protein has strong antioxidation; Excellent thermal control and heat preservation function; Also has special film-forming property, can generate silky smooth, bright and elastic film.

When silk peptide powder is absorbed by human body, can promote the synthesis of new cells, and constantly goes to surface skin, make skin smooth, fine and rosy, full of flexibility, can strengthen the body's immune function, participate in human metabolism, regulating whole body skin, anti-aging, relaxing, prevent the diabetes. It is one of the most ideal new natural food, health products, cosmetics and nutrition additives.

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Lycopene carotinoid

Lycopene is an antioxidant pigment that gives certain foods their reddish color. Studies have shown that eating foods rich in it may help reduce the risk of cancer, macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease. Tomatoes, grapefruits, and watermelons are the best known sources of lycopene.

Considered a strong antioxidant, lycopene has a high oxygen-quenching capacity. It is powerful at neutralizing free radicals, which protects cells from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Other attributes include aiding cell-to-cell communication and controlling cell growth.

Experts recommend incorporating 25 to 75 milligrams of lycopene a day into a healthy diet. Tomato products have the greatest amount. It is easier to absorb the antioxidant from cooked tomatoes, so spaghetti sauce is a good option for people seeking at least 20 milligrams of it. Drinking tomato juice also provides a high dose of it — one cup has more than 20 milligrams.

When shopping for tomatoes, experts recommend purchasing those fruits that are reddest in color. They contain the highest amounts of lycopene. Cooked tomato products, such as tomato sauce, tomato paste, and ketchup, have high amounts of the antioxidant. Health experts warn, however, that a person should stay away from the varieties that have high amounts of sugar and salt.

Serving tomato products in oil is said to increase the benefits of the antioxidant. It is fat-soluble, so the oil helps with absorption. The oil typically increases the assimilation of the antioxidant into the bloodstream.

Watermelon is another great source of lycopene. A slice of the fruit can contain about 13 milligrams and is also rich in potassium, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Although not as rich a source as watermelon, pink grapefruit contains about 2 milligrams along with vitamin A and vitamin C. Other fruits rich in the antioxidant include apricots and pink guavas.

Some studies have shown that lycopene can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, such as prostate, lung, and breast cancer. It may also help reduce the incidence of digestive cancers, such as those of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon, and intestines. Other benefits include helping prevent macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Some allergy sufferers experience reduced symptoms thanks to diets rich in it.

There are some scientists who are not convinced of the benefits of lycopene. They argue that the health benefits that have been observed come from the interaction of it with other micronutrients in foods. These scientists believe the antioxidant plays a role, but is not solely responsible for achieving such health benefits.

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Lutein carotenoid

Lutein is a naturally occurring antioxidant found in a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Classified as a carotenoid, this nutrient has a reputation for helping the eyes to function properly, both in terms of general health and their ability to process blue light. This antioxidant can be found in a number of different foods, notably dark green leafy vegetables such as kale and collards.

One of the main claims for the medicinal properties of lutein is that the carotenoid aids in reducing the chance of developing macular degeneration. Because a fair amount of the nutrient is stored in the eyes, it is thought to have a direct impact on the condition of the macula, the portion of the retina that determines the quality of central vision. There is also some evidence that lutein helps protect the eyes from free radicals, thus minimizing damage caused by the rays of the sun.

Along with fruits and vegetables, it is also possible to obtain lutein from various types of animal fats. Egg yolks are a particularly good source for the antioxidant, although the cholesterol content of the yolks sometimes inhibits using this resource. Consuming fruits such as kiwi and grapes along with turnip greens and similar vegetables is usually considered a better option.

It is also possible to utilize lutein supplements as a means of boosting the amount of the antioxidant in the body. In some cases, the lutein supplement is combined with other vitamins and thiamin to encourage healthy eyes. Combination lutein vitamins are offered for sale at most health food stores and vitamin shops. Herb shops sometimes carry blends of natural herbs that also contain significant amounts of the antioxidant in the mixture of ingredients.

At present, there is no universal minimum daily requirement established for lutein consumption. Some herbalists and alternative practitioners recommend six milligrams each day as a maintenance dose, with larger doses utilized to treat eyes that are tired. When larger doses are consumed regularly, there is the possibility of the skin taking on a slightly bronze tone, a side effect that many people would consider a benefit.

Testing of lutein and the role the antioxidant plays in maintaining the eyes continues to take place. Along with some results that indicate the carotenoid helps prevent macular degeneration, some research indicates that the substance can also help with blurred vision and sensitivity to various types of light. However, it must be noted that no research results from any study are accepted throughout the medical community. This means some physicians may recommend the use of a supplement product while others will employ different treatments for various eye problems.

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2012年9月26日星期三

Ulipristal Acetate emergency contraception

Ulipristal acetate is a medication prescribed for emergency contraception. A doctor will not prescribe it as a birth control pill to be taken on a regular basis, but rather it is intended to prevent pregnancy in the event of unprotected sex or if a regular birth control method fails. This drug is also not intended to abort an already existing pregnancy. Patients should carefully follow their doctor's dosage instructions and be aware of the possible side effects before using ulipristal acetate.

This emergency contraceptive works by using the hormone progestin to prevent ovulation. Specifically, ulipristal acetate is classified as a selective progesterone receptor modulator. It reduces the chances of fertilization and implantation by altering the cervical mucus and the lining of the womb. This makes it less likely that sperm will fertilize an egg, as well as prevent a fertilized egg from attaching to the womb.

Ulipristal acetate should be taken within 120 hours, or five days, following unprotected sex or the failure of another birth control method, such as a broken condom. The sooner a woman takes the drug, the more effective it is likely to be. One tablet equals one dosage and it may be taken with or without food. Those who vomit within three hours of taking a dose should contact their doctors, because the tablet may need to be taken again.

Women who use ulipristal acetate to prevent pregnancy must immediately resume taking their regular birth control. Doctors also recommend using a barrier method of birth control for the rest of that menstrual cycle. Some women may notice that their menstrual cycle becomes irregular following a dosage.

Some side effects may occur after taking ulipristal acetate, which should be reported to the doctor if they become severe. Patients may notice painful menstruation, nausea, and abdominal pain, which may become severe three to five weeks following a dose. Dizziness, headaches, and fatigue may also occur. Sometimes, changes in mood, breast tenderness, or pelvic, back, or muscle pain may result. Ulipristal acetate may very rarely cause painful intercourse, genital itching, and kidney problems.

Before taking this emergency contraceptive, patients must inform their doctors of their medical conditions, as well as any other medications or supplements they are taking. This drug is not intended for use during pregnancy and it is unknown if it may cause harm to a breastfeeding infant. Women should inform their doctors if they have a history of unexplained vaginal bleeding. Ulipristal acetate may interact with other medications and supplements, including St. John's wort, phenobarbital, and topiramate.

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Bimatoprost excessive pressure of the eyes

Bimatoprost is an eye medication that may be used in the treatment of excessive pressure of the eyes from higher than normal amounts of fluid in the eyesThe pressure and abnormally high amounts of this fluid, called aqueous humor, can be the result of conditions such as glaucoma or ocular hypertension. In addition to being prescribed to help treat the symptoms of certain eye conditions, the medication has also been found to increase eyelash growth in some people and may be recommended as a cosmetic treatment option for individuals with sparse eyelashes.

A prostaglandin is any type of synthetic drug which performs the same functions as the body’s prostaglandin chemicals. These chemicals are responsible for a variety of functions in the body, such as controlling inflammation and contracting blood vessels and muscles. Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin medication that is thought to work at reducing eye pressure by relaxing the muscles behind the eye in order to allow aqueous humor to flow better and not become backed up. The drug is thought to be effective at increasing the growth of eyelashes by extending the length of time of the growing cycle for eyelashes, giving the eyelashes more opportunity to grow longer.

The application methods for bimatoprost usually depend on the specific condition for which the medication was prescribed. If the medication is treating eye conditions, it is typically available as a liquid solution and applied using an eyedropper. Doctors will generally advise the eyedrops to be used once per day. For patients who are prescribed the medication for increasing eyelash growth, it tends to be available as a liquid solution that is applied to the skin at the upper eyelash line with the use of a specialized brush once per day. It is not recommended for applying to the lower eyelash because the medication may cause eyelashes to grow in unwanted areas in or around the eye.

Bimatoprost may cause some side effects, which may differ depending on what condition the medication is treating. When used as eyedrops to treat eye conditions, the medication may result in side effects that are not usually considered serious, including itching, burning, watering, or drying of the eyes. When the medication is applied to the eyelash line to increase eyelash growth, it may result in browning of the skin near the application site or eyelash growth in unwanted areas. Although these side effects may be permanent, they are not typically considered life threatening. Serious side effects that may occur with either usage of the medication and may require medical attention include swelling of the eye lids, fluid discharge from the eye, or sudden changes in vision, such as light sensitivity.

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Amino Acids and health

It is common knowledge that Amino Acids are the "building Blocks" of the body. This is a two-step process: first, they get together and form peptides or polypeptides, and it is from these groupings that proteins are made. Amino acids make up 75% of the human body. They are essential to nearly every bodily function, and every chemical reaction that takes place in the body depends on them and the proteins that they build.

In this field, Dr. Steven Whiting of the Institute of Nutritional Science points out that an "All or None Law of Protein Utilization" is the rule of thumb. If ALL the amino acids are not present within a close 2 to 3 hour period protein assimilation will not work! Since most vegetarian sources of proteins are incomplete, they must carefully combine the timing and mix of their food intake to provide for complete coverage of all amino acids.

When protein is broken down by digestion the result is 22 known amino acids. Eight are essential which cannot be manufactured by the body are vitally essential for human health, Semi-essential amino acids are amino acids which are normally non-essential, but which must be provided by the diet in special circumstances and when the body's ability to produce them is impaired. The rest are non-essential (can be manufactured by the body with proper nutrition). Sometimes the non-essential should still be supplemented to ensure an optimal available quantity.

Here we offer several Amino Acids which is becoming popular recently, may be helpful to body health.

D(-)-Isovaline CAS: 3059-97-0

N-methyl-L-alanine CAS: 3913-67

N-methyl-D-alanine CAS: 29475-64-7

N-methyl-DL-alanine CAS: 600-21-5

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What is Osmium?

Osmium is a metallic chemical element in the platinum family. This element is quite rare, and it tends to be rather expensive as a result, making commercial applications for it rather limited. The metal tends to be used mostly in alloys, often in very small amounts to make metal stronger and durable without driving up the cost too much. Most of the world's supply is found in Turkey and Bulgaria, although it appears in small amounts in other regions as well; the element rarely appears in a pure form, but is combined with other metals in the form of ores.

When osmium is isolated, it is an extremely hard silvery metal with a slightly blue cast and a hexagonal crystalline structure that is very tightly packed, making it an extremely dense element. It is among the heaviest of elements, along with iridium, a close neighbor on the periodic table. The atomic number of osmium is 76, and the metal is identified with the symbol Os on the periodic table. This element is also present in an assortment of compounds, including osmium tetroxide, a toxic compound with a number of uses in the sciences.

Credit for the discovery of osmium is generally given to the English chemists Smithson Tennant and William Hyde Wollaston. The two men were working with platinum, attempting to purify the metal, in 1803 when they isolated two distinctive and unfamiliar elements, which turned out to be osmium and iridium. They officially published their findings in 1804, naming the element for the Greek osme, “a smell,” after the distinctive odor of the compounded form.

Because this element is so rare, its expense has made it prohibitive to work with and few uses have been developed for it. It is used in an alloyed form in things like nibs for fountain pens, electrical contacts, and medical devices, since it makes metals much stronger. One compound is used in fingerprint detection, and osmium tetroxide is used in chemistry and biology research labs. The element was also once used in light bulbs, although this was rare since other elements like tungsten are easier to work with, cheaper, and more effective.

This element itself is not toxic, although osmium tetroxide is extremely poisonous. Like other elements, its particles can cause damage to the mucus membranes because they act as an irritant. Prolonged exposure to the dust can damage the lungs; people who participate in any activity with this element that generates dust should wear a mask.

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What Is a Lotion Bar?

A lotion bar is a solid moisturizer. It bears resemblance to a soap bar, but it functions as a lotion. Usually made out of natural ingredients, lotion bars stay solid as long as they are kept at room temperature or lower. They're activated by body heat and can be used anywhere on the body.

Typically, lotion bars are composed of all-natural ingredients. Shea butter, beeswax, jojoba oil, vegetable oil and shortening, avocado oil, almond oil, mango butter, hemp seed oil and butter and essential oils are a few common ingredients that can be found in lotion bars. Lotion bars have a reputation for being a health-conscious choice because they are free from the potentially hazardous chemicals found in commercial lotion products, such as phthalates, parabens, formaldehyde, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), ethanolamines and petroleum.

Using a lotion bar is easy; those who want to moisturize their bodies simply can take the lotion bar into their hands and warm it with them. The heat emanating from their hands will melt a small portion of the bar. From there, users can rub the lotion onto the body part that needs moisturizing. Some who use lotion bars apply lotion only to their hands. Others, however, might use the bar to moisturize their feet, ankles, knees, legs, arms, elbows or any other area that has dry skin.

Another way to use the lotion bar is to apply the bar directly to areas in need of moisturizing. The bar can be rubbed on these areas until it heats and softens and some lotion transfers to the skin. The friction from the rubbing, combined with the heat from the user's skin, can give good results. This method is popularly used on the heels or other especially dry or tough areas that could benefit from direct application.

Users are encouraged to apply only light layers of lotion to an area. This is because, upon application, the lotion can feel as though it is greasy. Layers need to be given a few moments to absorb into the skin. After the lotion has successfully penetrated the skin, users will know whether they need to use the lotion bar for a second application.

Those who want to try a hard lotion might feel more comfortable doing so at night. Application be done right before bedtime. The benefit of applying a hard lotion before one sleeps is that the lotion has all night to penetrate the skin, and the wearer can wake up feeling soft and smooth. Certain techniques that can increase the bar's moisturizing properties also can be implemented. For example, users can apply the bar to their feet and then put on socks; the warmth provided by the socks can help the lotion penetrate the outer layers of the skin.

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