Ellagic acid is present in many red fruits and berries, including raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, cranberries, pomegranate and some nuts including pecans and walnuts. The highest levels of ellagic acid are found in raspberries. In plants ellagic acid is present in the form of ellagitannin, which is ellagic acid bound to a sugar molecule.
Research at the Hollings Cancer Center at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) indicate that ellagic acid slows the growth of abnormal colon cells in humans, prevents the development of cells infected with human papilloma virus (HPV), which is linked to cervical cancer, and promotes apoptotic growth (natural death) of prostate cancer cells. The apoptotic process triggered by this antioxidant also has beneficial effects on breast, lung, esophageal, and skin cancer (melanoma).
Studies from American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses shows the anti-inflammatory properties of ellagic acid and no published studies have examined the effects of ellagic acid in combination with anesthetic adjuvants. In this study, 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of six groups: vehicle; ketorolac and vehicle; meloxicam and vehicle; ellagic acid and vehicle; ellagic acid, ketorolac, and vehicle; and ellagic acid, meloxicam, and vehicle. Groups 5 and 6 investigated interactions between ellagic acid and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Paw inflammation was induced with 3% carrageenan and was measured with a plethysmometer at 30 minutes and 4, 8, and 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection. All rats received one intraperitoneal injection of equivalent volumes according to group assignment. Analysis of covariance followed by post hoc analysis determined that ketorolac was the only compound to significantly reduce paw edema at 4 hours (P = .019); ellagic acid alone (P = .038) and the combination of ellagic acid and ketorolac (P = .038) were the only compounds to significantly reduce paw edema at 8 hours. At 24 hours, only ellagic acid was effective (P = .01). Our findings suggest that ellagic acid may be effective against inflammation, may have a prolonged onset and duration of action, and may interact with known cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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